Essay about Funeral - Personal Narrative - 614 Words

Funeral - Personal Narrative I gaze around. I see one family, brought together, to mourn for one of our own. Countless numbers of dark figures stand on parade, speaking in unison to pay our respects to one whom we adore. The sadness corrupts my inner soul and my heart bleeds a river inside. Nothing could change the wretchedness I feel. We leave, what seems to me, not a holy church, but more of a devils palace. But the worst is yet to come. Still shedding tears I climb into the hearse, my eyes fixed upon the noble man in the back, in the vain hope that there would be life in him once again. It is useless. I stare outside in the deepest of depression, worrying about the road that lies†¦show more content†¦Our car reduces speed and the driver climbs out. I think to myself, This is no gate. A gate would be an astonishing gift to me right now. The only thing I can do now is pray and hope. To pray that I will not have to go through this anguish, suffering and endless hell once again. In one sudden movement, my hopes and dreams are crushed into minute pieces of terror and misery, as the hearse driver opens the door. Resistance is pointless. We are already here. A foot away from the gates of fire. I push open the gate upon its rusty hinges. Though, I know, cemeteries are supposed to be depressing and solemn places, this is out of the ordinary. I am welcomed by an old, decrepit yet elegant chapel, that has been abused by weather and man, but preserved and decorated by Mother Nature. Ivy droops over the freestanding wall and fades away into the rubble and ruins. Through a slight crack in the wall I see the remains of a derelict altar. I continue on, picking up my drained feet off the grassy surface from under them. They are comforted by the pleasantness of a spongy carpet of autumn leaves. A mosaic of infinite colors. A mild breeze slithers past my face and cools me throughout as we enter a kingdom of beauty. My eyes ascend up into the branches of an oak that has past its prime, but nothing can steal theShow MoreRelatedComparison of Passages from Great Expectations and Madame Bovary1110 Words   |  5 Pageseven find sanctity at the occasion of death, as both the funerals painfully become mockeries which worsen, rather than alleviate, the wounds of grief suffered by Joe and Charles. The most notable difference between Dickenss and Flauberts narration style is that although both Dickens and Flaubert move away from employing a omniscient and omnipotent narrator figure, one such as Fielding so dearly cherished, in Pip Dickens created a personal, informative and sensitive first person voice, whereasRead MoreRomare Bearden’s Collection Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesmade by â€Å"Cut and pasted printed, colored and metallic papers, photostats, pencil, ink marker, gouache, watercolor, and pen and ink on Masonite† (MET Museum). Bearden liked telling narratives within these collages involving Harlem life. Whether it was on the streets, inside apartments, or in front of stores, these narratives told the role of many individuals within the black community. They depicted life as it was happening and you can almost write a story by just looking at these collages. During thisRead MoreAfrican American reactions to death and loss can be traced to their African roots, their centuries1400 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican researchers have primarily focused on the â€Å"death-care† industry—black funeral homes and morticians, the history of the profession, and its practices. Holloway took a stronger and more active approach by researching all facets of the burial business: emergency room physicians, hospital chaplains, hospice administrators, embalming chemical salesmen, casket makers, funeral directors, and grieving relatives. She uses narrative, photographs, and images to summon a painful history of lynchings, whiteRead MoreThe Life of A Slave Girl by Harriet A. Jacobs Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesA slave narrative is to tell a slaves story and what they have been through. Six thousand former slaves from North America told about their lives during the 18th and 19th centuries. About 150 narratives were published as separate books or articles most slaves were born in the last years of the slave regime or during the Civil War. Some Slaves told about their experiences on plantations, in cities, and on small farms. Slave narratives are one of the only ways that people today know about the wayRead MoreCase Study : Mr. Rocky Mountain 916 Words   |  4 Pagesextent of his sickness. This paper will prove that illness narrative provide adequate subjective assessment and telling story of their illness allows the narrator to disclose what is important to their lives, what matter to them most. To provide eff ective care to the patient, understanding the patient interpretation of illness must occur. Stories narrative by patient is an articulation of their knowledge. The act of understanding one’s narrative story becomes a biggest part of formulating the plan ofRead MoreExamining how Brutus and Mark Anthony Utilise Language to Manipulate the Audience in Act 3 Scene 2 of Julius Caesar1356 Words   |  6 PagesExamining how Brutus and Mark Anthony Utilise Language to Manipulate the Audience in Act 3 Scene 2 of Julius Caesar This essay will scrutinize and analyse two speeches from Julius Caesar; firstly Brutuss funeral oration and Mark Anthonys response in Act 3 Scene 2. Brutus as a conspirator against Caesar addresses the audience to justify himself along with his other conspirators actions whilst Mark Anthony speaks in Caesars defence and Brutus prosecution. This essayRead MoreGender Specific Slavery During The Period Of The Civil War1198 Words   |  5 Pagesin the 19th century. Being treated more as personal property as opposed to an actual human being, some slaves managed to rebel and write down their account of white slave owners’ dehumanization of black slaves. In social reformer and writer Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave he writes of rebelling against his physically abusive owners and triumphantly gaining freedom. In writer Harriet Ann Jacobs narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, JacobsRead MoreDickinson and Plath Comparative Analysis Essay example1530 Words   |  7 Pagesreveals the poets personal problems with unusual frankness(Oxford Dictionary). Although she wrote using hypnagogic symbolism and metaphors, one can postulate that most of her poems are written about herself. Emily Dickinson, however, wrote lyric poetry. The Emily Dickinson Museum cl aims she once told a reader, â€Å"When I state myself, as the Representative of the Verse – it does not mean – me – but a supposed person†(Staff). She mostly referred to death in a past-tense,narrative tone as if what shesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglas An American Slave1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe book Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglas an American slave, is showing a highway map, displaying the road to how the slavery went to freedom. Douglas at the opening of the book was a slave in both his body and mind. Then at the end good things happened to him, he gets legal freedom and frees his mind. The events in the book are good points in Frederick’s life, in the book it explains how he get there, and what he had to do and learn along the road. Where it first starts is Douglas realizesRead MoreEssay on Structure and Style of To Sir, with Love1013 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents will learn and live. Over the course of time his students transform, except for Bert. The students find out that Thackeray’s past has remarkable similarities to their own lives. This realization changes the relationship to a more respectful personal one as the students see that there is indeed an adult authority who can understand their experiences. Thackeray’s confidence in his students and the positive results of his teaching style eventually win over both the students and faculty. However

Never Let Me Go By Kazuo Ishiguro - 1386 Words

Another work that describes the life of minorities within society is Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, Never Let Me Go. The main characters, Kathy, Ruth, and Tommy are students, but more importantly they are clones. They were produced for science and the harvesting of their organs, just as animals are harvested for their meat. The novel described them as being the same as the majority human population, with the only difference being that they were created by science rather than physically born. These students were kept apart from the rest of society and were raised in something similar to boarding schools. They were looked after by women that played the roles of teacher and caregivers. When they were younger, Kathy, Ruth, and their friends approached one of their caregivers because they wanted to show that Ruth was wrong about her being afraid of the children. After surrounding the woman to greet her, Kathy says that they, â€Å"can still see it now, the shudder she seemed to be suppre ssing, the real dread that one of us would accidentally brush against her† (Ishiguro 35). Despite the fact that the students knew they were different, they did not see themselves as the caregivers did. At the end of the novel when Tommy and Kathy meet with the caregivers, the women tell them the truth about how society viewed them. They said, â€Å"†¦you were kept in the shadows†¦they tried to convince themselves that you weren’t really like us. That you were less than human† (Ishiguro 263). The clone children wereShow MoreRelatedNever Let Me Go, By Kazuo Ishiguro1068 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen increasingly getting better at cloning and thus attempting more complicated cloning. In the 2005 novel, Never Let Me Go, human clones are created to be organ donors for humans that need an organ transplant in order to survive. Clones look like humans, have feelings like humans but are not necessarily looked at as â€Å"human beings† in the novel. Throughou t the novel Never Let Me Go, Kazuo Ishiguro’s expresses his belief that science has no limits and poses the questions ethically, where do humansRead MoreNever Let Me Go By Kazuo Ishiguro1512 Words   |  7 PagesBeginning to end, Kazuo Ishiguro’s speculative novel Never Let Me Go leaves readers wanting more—more closure, more answers, more facts. Throughout the entire novel, readers are left in the dark with few explicit details of the society or its origins. The shadowy, obscure Madame Marie-Claude is a paradigm for the motif of mystery and uncertainty throughout Never Let Me Go. Two to four times a year, preparations begin for Madame’s arrival at Hailsham without warning to the students. She visits, takesRead MoreNever Let Me Go, By Kazuo Ishiguro1714 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel â€Å"Never Let Me Go,† by Kazuo Ishiguro he addresses the issue about clones and how they grow up in an institution meant to get the students ready to conquer in a huma n environment. Ishiguro’s novel â€Å"Never Let Me Go† serves an approach to the â€Å"Cloning argument. In the novel a character named Kathy H was one of the primary ones who was cloned along with a few others. This helps us to answer the question of how clones should be treated in relation to human verses non-human concept, as Ishiguro attemptsRead MoreNever Let Me Go, By Kazuo Ishiguro Essay2335 Words   |  10 Pagesknowledge. In Never Let Me Go, by Kazuo Ishiguro, the institution of Hailsham helps shelter the clones, yet inhibits them. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Creature learns languages from his neighbors. The lack of an academic system causes a form of self-teaching. While self-learning is a form of self-realization as mentioned in Walter Kirn’s article â€Å"Lost In Meritocracy† Kirn learns from his experiences, Ellison from Invisible Man learns â€Å"street smarts† similar to the clones in Never Let Me Go in whichRead MoreNever Le t Me Go By Kazuo Ishiguro1542 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelley, Ray Bradbury, Michael Crichton, and Kazuo Ishiguro, to name a few, have all written books displaying these dangers. While reading these books, the dangerous, immoral actions and abuse of power seem evident, yet locating them in society is not quite as simplistic. The authors attempt to grant their audience a better way of finding these warning signs, while also providing an entertaining story. In his novel Never Let Me Go, Kazuo Ishiguro utilizes first-person narration, symbolism, andRead MoreNever Let Me Go By Kazuo Ishiguro Essay1928 Words   |  8 Pagesto have a great future, fall in love, get married, have a family, but most importantly have a wonderful life. What if your life had been planned out for you and the sole purpose of your existence was to donate your vital organs? Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, Never Let Me Go is a tragic love story between two human clones that fall in love before they know what l ove truly is. The clones are raised until adulthood in Hailsham, a boarding school for clones, to later become organ donors. They are trainedRead MoreNever Let Me Go By Kazuo Ishiguro2000 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel Never Let Me Go, Kazuo Ishiguro presents the story of Kathy H., and her friends Tommy and Ruth, who are growing up at Hailsham. Hailsham resembles an English contemporary boarding school, but one discovers that this school is specifically for clone children that have been created to donate their organs for the betterment of society. The author uses a descriptive narrative by Kathy to present the story of the short lives of clones, and the human lives they lead with all the difficultiesRead MoreNever Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro930 Words   |  4 Pages How do you classify rather someone is human or not? A tricky question has many different possible answers, but only a few that could be justified as being human. Kazuo Ishiguro has addressed this topic in his book Never Let Me Go. A reoccurring question throughout the novel is rather or not these clones are considered a human being or just another science project. Suspicious individuals of the surrounding communities in the novel, believed that the students were not human, because they couldRead MoreNever Let Me Go By Kazuo Ishiguro2932 Words   |  12 PagesIn Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel Never Let me Go, the proclaimed blasphemy of the process called cloning is not explained through scientific means, but is instead treated as an ordinary part of everyday life. Is this just a device used to convey a degree of empathy to Ishiguro’s text? Or has cloning become ‘humanised’ and is indistinguishable from what we would consider to be ordinary and mundane? There are firmly established archetypes in the Science Fiction genre of literature. The dystopian motif isRead More The novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro740 Words   |  3 PagesSeveral years ago a novel was written that threw the science fiction genre on its head because of the way that it tells the story and twists the ideas of typical book genres. The novel Never Let Me Go, a story by acclaimed author Kazuo Ishiguro is about a young lady and her friends, figuring out who they are from adolescence to adulthood. While at first this may seem a typical coming of age story, the novel starts to turn into a science fiction story and goes back again and forces readers to change

Global Structure for Social and Political Change - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Structure for Social and Political Change. Answer: The role of the internet in generating social and political change In a systematic study, Butsch (2007) points out that with the advancement of new technology, the internet and specifically social media is adopted for different uses in both political and social platforms. Online money-bombs, virtual petitions, forums for debating issues, and emails for recruitments for protests and meetings are all strategies adopted by political activists in engaging the citizen with the aim of influencing various political processes. Eltantawy and Wiest (2007) also denote that social movements across the political arena are among technological platforms adopted in effecting change while influencing party politics. However, little is known on how what difference it makes or how it is used to achieve the projected results. Internet or social media is used to overcome obstactacles to social and political participation Leenders and Heydemann (2012). For instance, online groups overcome challenges like time constrains, low income, and lack of skills within the participants. Online movements allow people to choose what and when to click without any charge on membership dues. It hence encourages participation with the aim of allowing the participants to share opinions, keep informed, donate finances, and sign petitions. Hawkins (2013) also denotes that successful online political or social groups use networking and internet communication in teaching the support on new skills hence getting them involved in the real world. The strategy as well allows the use of actions models in disseminating information and get in touch with other social or political supporters. Effective political groups also adopt technology use to engage the public in getting decision making support. For instance, hosting forums for discu ssion and asking participants to give their opinions about highlighted issues sustains support for the course as the members will see the organization as responsive and democratic to their feedback. Social media is also used to help movements to downplay controversies while stressing on big ideas according to Butsch (2007). Rather than promoting detailed platforms on specialized causes, internet savvy political activists in focusing to sell big ideas that can promote change to the world. In such cases, they get chances of stressing themes that can unify rather than divide people from various backgrounds. In other words, successful social movements avoid issues that can divide supporters as they manage what is featured in their message. They hence adopt priorities that unite supporters while learning what might reduce enthusiasm. Hawkins (2013) also denotes that the ability of social media in leveraging internet communication strategies with effectiveness help in changing dynamics between political parties and movements. Political and social movements have always pressured parties while internet movements have quick and heavy impacts. As a result, savvy movement use earned media, advertising, and viral campaigns in building support for their issues while forcing political parties to take up their cause. Other parties also use social media as platforms for raising financial support for their activities, an aspect that has been seen to be successful as long as there is a will of the people towards achieving the same objective. In conclusion, internet and social media can effectively be use in promoting both social and political change in the community. Effect of Environmental Justice Movement on the Social Change According to Refle (2015) social movements are groups of people organized with a purpose of working towards a specified goal like creating a change, resist a change or to offering a global voice as a result, the social movements always create social change among the individuals. Miladi (2016) defines social change as significant alterations on behavioral patterns and culture on a specific group of people for a given period as a result of a social movement. The most common social movements include Brights Movement, environmental Justice Movement, and many others. The paper examines how the Environmental Justice movement has affected the social change and how its elements incorporated into the mainstream of politics and culture. Environmental justice movements formed in United States, with a purpose of improving and maintain an environment that is clean and healthful through reducing the pollutions since human and environment affect each other. Banerjee (2013) explains that the movement championed by African-Americans, Latinos, Asians and Native Americans that lived in the polluted environment as a result of frequent hazardous dumps of waste on their ecology, that thereafter perceived as a form of environmental racism. The occupants characterized by their frequent protestations against the government that led to a number of violence and destructions of properties. Environmental justice movement has gained momentum and brought different social changes across the world through giving voice to those that lived in the most damaged and polluted lands to air their grievances resulting into more communal solidarity. The continual fight for clean environments, reduction on the loss of lives and address on abuses on land dispossession. Hawkins (2013) observes that the social movement improved both the economic and human rights of the victims that lived in those polluted and damaged lands globally as the movements are connected. The campaign has formed a vast continuum of activism passed from one individual to another through different generations that adopt different styles, organizational structure, and policies to achieve. The environmental movement has dominated in some legal issues and debates that have seen the formation of many policies and bill of rights and global activists to protect the social justice and nature according to Jamison (2010). The bills and acts have seen the reclamation of lands exhausted through mining of mineral resources, the provision of title deeds to the blacks and climate change. As a result, the occupants have learned and adopted one another living with respect. The policies have also to some extent changed the culture of some communities such as the Anglo-Saxon, the Zulus, known for their hunting and fishing activities restricted by the anti-gaming policies. Such policies have forced the communities to change their cultural events such as wearing animal skins, to wearing clothes and to other economic activities that do not affect the environment as explained by Welstead (2017). Most of the countries have recognized the formally formed social movements that are legitimate and offered various supports such as resources and legal protections; therefore it has moved from a more mobilizing agent for populist protest to a more goal-oriented professional organization. References Banerjee, D. (2013). Environmental Justice and the State: Expert Knowledge and Local Discourses in an Environmental Justice Movement. Environmental Justice, 6(5), 183-187. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/env.2013.0025 Butsch, R. (ed.). 2007. Media and public spheres. Basingstoke, UK. Eltantawy, N, Wiest, J B. (2007). Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory. Journal of Communication 5:1207-1224. Jamison, A. (2010). Climate change knowledge and social movement theory. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(6), 811-823. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.88 Leenders, R, Heydemann, S. (2012). Popular Mobilization in Syria: Opportunity and Threat, and the Social Networks of the Early Risers. Mediterranean Politics, 17(2), pp139-59 Miladi, N. (2016). Social Media and Social Change. Digest Of Middle East Studies, 25(1), 36-51. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dome.12082 Refle, J. (2015). What is a Social Movement?. Social Movement Studies, 15(2), 244-245. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2015.1027765 Welstead, J. (2017). How climate change comes to matter; the communal life of facts. Social Movement Studies, 16(3), 370-371. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2017.1279961

What Are the Social Factors That Influence Interpersonal Attraction free essay sample

What are the social factors that influence interpersonal attraction? Discuss in relation to relevant psychological theories and studies Interpersonal relationships are the close relationships we form with others around us. They range from close romantic relationships up to more casual relationships such as acquaintances or university peers. There are numerous numbers of social factors that may lead to interpersonal attraction such as proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity and reciprocity. There are also numerous theories into attraction and how humans form interpersonal relationships. Proximity or being close to a person has a big influence on our choice of friends or romantic partners, previous research suggests that the nearer we are to someone the more likely we are to have some sort of interpersonal relationship with them. Festinger, Schachter and Black (1950) found that two-thirds of married graduate students close friends had once lived in the same block of flats as them. Suggesting that the proximity of the graduate students had led them to develop an interpersonal relationship with each other. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Social Factors That Influence Interpersonal Attraction? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Physical attractiveness is also a factor that determines whether or not an individual will form an interpersonal relationship with another person. The first thing one notices about a stranger is their physical appearance. This can include factors such as how they have their hair, their dress sense, if they are well kept or not. There is a general consensus on what is seen as being attractive in society, such as women with baby like faces are seen as attractive (Cunningham 1990), however there are obvious individual differences in what someone finds attractive. Socially people who are physically attractive are perceived as being popular, intelligent, and honest. In a study by Sigall Ostrove (1975) attractive women were given more lenient court sentences when being prosecuted for a crime which was not related to their attractiveness. However if the crime was related to their attractiveness then they were given harsher sentences. In a further study by Landy Sigall (1974) essays with an attractive photograph attached to them received a higher grade in comparison to those that had less attractive photographs attached to them. Also evolution plays a part in how physically attractive we may find someone, women who look healthy are seen as physically attractive with rosy cheeks, child bearing hips and glowing skin. Men who seem to be financially stable are also seen as physically attractive. These are factors that are involved in evolution hence why they lead to being physically attracted to another person. Another factor into physical attractiveness was contributed by Singh (1993), the waist to hip ratio is seen as a sign of health and fertility in women and men. Women should have a waist to hip ratio of about 0. , whilst men should have a waist to hip ratio of 0. 9 these indicate signs of optimal health in both men and women. Singh stated that the most attractive part of a woman is her waist to hip ratio. As stated above we are attracted to signs of health and fertility in our partners, and having a healthy waist to hip ratio is a good indicator of this. However there are significant cultural differences in what waist to hip ratio should be. In some cultures especially those in Europe find a waist to hip ratio of 0. 7 is attractive, whereas in some African or South American cultures a waist to hip ratio of 0. is seen as attractive. A further limitation of this theory is that people tend to look at the body weight of a person instead of focusing on just their waist to hip ratio as body weight is obviously a better indicator of how healthy a person appears. Similarity is another factor that can lead to interpersonal attraction. People with similar personalities are more likely to become involved in a relationship. However this is not always the case Winch (1958) found that in relationships couples who were dissimilar tended to have happier relationships. Similar attitudes also play an important role in interpersonal attraction, people with similar attitudes tend to be attracted to each other. In a study carried out by Byrne (1971) found that strangers with similar attitudes to participants were rated as being more physically attractive in comparison to participants which had dissimilar attitudes. Another factor in interpersonal attraction is Reciprocity, this is the tendency to be attracted to people who like us and tend to be less attracted to those individuals that dislike us. In a study carried out by Dittes Kelley (1956) the findings show that participants conformed more when told ‘other group members like you’ in comparison when told ‘other group members dislike you’. People who have the tendency to have low self-esteem or are highly insecure concerning interpersonal relationships have a greater need for positive feedback from others around them, in order to form close interpersonal relationships. As well as the social factors that lead to interpersonal relationships there are a number of different theories that also account for the formation of interpersonal relationships. The matching hypothesis by Walster et al (1966) is such a theory. In the study a computer dance was organised in which the participants were randomly allocated to partners. Midway during the dance the participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding the view of their partners. The views were recorded and compared to judges views of the physical attractiveness of the participants. The participants rated as most physically attracted were liked most by their partners, however after six months participants stated they would have dated someone similar to their own level of physical attractiveness. Walster et al. ’s findings show that humans are initially attracted to people who are perceived as being ‘beautiful or handsome’, after we realise that the person is not on the same level as attractiveness as us we tend to look for someone on our own level. Hence the name ‘Matching Hypothesis’ as we try to form interpersonal relationships with people who match our own level of physical attractiveness. However this theory does not account for other social factors that can also influence our decision in forming an interpersonal relationship. Relationships do tend to occur between people of different levels of attractiveness, they may have got to know each other through proximity or similarity or other social factors. Theories into reinforcement also provide a great insight into the formation if interpersonal relationships. The reinforcement-effect model by Byrne Clore (1970), this model is heavily influenced by Pavlovian conditioning. This model states that we are attracted to people that invoke positive feelings in us through offering us rewards or praise. This is seen as positive reinforcement and we are more likely to want to gain this positive reinforcement throughout the relationship. We identify the stimuli as either being a reward or a punishment and try to seek the rewarding behaviour and try to avoid the punishing behaviour. These positive feelings are also associated with the praise or rewards given. Leading to these positive rewards being associated with that person, so when we are with that person we attribute these positive rewards to being with them. People can either be liked or disliked according to whether they are associated with the positive feelings or the negative feelings. The Social exchange theory is another theory into the formation of interpersonal relationships. This model was founded by Homans (1961). The model states that in an interpersonal relationships negotiations must be made and we are more likely to engage in a relationship with another person if that relationship maximises our benefits and minimises are costs. Whether we are attracted to another t-person is determined by how much effort we must put into the relationship acting as the cost in comparison to how much we gain from the relationship acting as the benefit or reward. If a relationship is high in cost but low in reward we are less likely to form a close interpersonal relationship with that person as we are not maximising our benefit or rewards. We try to see what the other person can offer us in the relationship that we can gain from and what we can give them to gain from. The actions of the people involved in the relationship highly effect the outcome of whether the relationship will have a good cost-reward ratio, if it seems beneficial for both people involved an interpersonal relationship may be formed on this basis. The social exchange theory was further analysed by Foa Foa (1975) in which they state that in a relationship certain goods must be exchanged for the relationship to seem beneficial for both people involved. The ‘goods’ that can be exchanged take many forms such as objects or products, advice, love or other affections, money or wealth and higher social status. All these offer rewards. We as humans always try to minimise our costs and maximise our profits and the same goes for forming relationships, if the benefit is not high for us we tend to not indulge in the relationship any further. Overall it is clear to see that social factors have a clear influence on the formation of interpersonal relationships. These factors such as proximity, reciprocity and similarity do have great influence on the decision to enter and form an interpersonal relationship with another person. Social factors account for some of the reasons why and how interpersonal relationships are formed but social factors do not account for the reason on a whole. There are many other underlying factors that also carry great influence when forming such a relationship. The social factors tend to work in conjunction with one another and aid each other in the process of forming an interpersonal relationship, but there are also other theories that state other factors are also just as important as the social factors. The social exchange theory as stated above suggests that humans try to gain maximum rewards out of their relationship whilst minimising the cost. Other theories tend to take a less calculated approach such as the reinforcement affect model, this model suggests that instead of physical rewards we want to form interpersonal relationships with people associated with positive feelings or people that remind us of a positive memory. We want these positive rewards to be reinforced hence the formation of a close relationship. We tend to dislike people who evoke negative feelings or people that reinforce punishments. The matching hypothesis is a further example of factors that account for the formation of an interpersonal relationship, Walster et al. (1966) found that we are more likely to form a close relationship with someone that matches our own level of physical attractiveness, hence the name ‘Matching hypothesis’. All in all it is evident that there are numerous factors that can cause the formation of interpersonal relationships, social factors are very influential and play a big role but essentially there are other underlying factors that must also be accounted for. It is fair to say that social factors highly contribute to the formation of interpersonal relationships but there are also other factors that must be taken into consideration. However it is clear that social factors are underlying in most of the theories and studies into the formation if interpersonal relationships.

Amazon Competition

Introduction Amazon is currently the biggest online vendor in America. Amazon used to be a bookstore where people could view and order books online. Over the years, it has grown considerably and is now selling all kinds of goods. In May 2006, Amazon started selling grocery alongside the non-perishables goods. Order of fresh food and grocery is by the click of a button and delivery made right on one’s doorstep.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Amazon Competition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Amazon grocery stocks more than fifteen thousand non-perishable items most of which are organic products. Aldi group on the other hand is the leading store chain that stock and sell grocery in Germany and is a worldwide competitor in retail food handling. It is arguably the biggest retail food handler in Europe. For more than thirty years, Aldi has been operating in the United States. Its operation in US has expanded to twenty-nine states with more than a thousand stores. Aldi has earned the reputation to be a store that offers high quality goods at low prices. Demographic and socio-cultural trends While Amazon is an American organization, Aldi has its origins in Germany. Aldi has been operational in America for many years unlike Amazon grocery. The attitude of population about foreign products affects the marketing strategy employed by grocery vendors (Holbeche, 2009). Amazon.com receives many hits in their already famous website. This fact alone makes them confident that the new grocery line they are introducing in the market will be availed to the millions of individuals who shop in their website. Abdi on the other hand has developed a strong brand over the years and its international links make it a trusted organization by most of its customers. Due to the large population of America, Abdi group has built numerous stores in many parts of the country to serve its customers. This increases sal es as each outlet has targets to meet and brings fresh grocery close to their customers. Health issues and consciousness of the population on the need to eat and stay healthy also affects the strategies of both Amazon grocery and Abdi group. People believe that eating of junk and fast food brings about obesity (Ranchhod, Gauzente Tinson, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to this, Amazon grocery focuses this new wing of production on fresh grocery while at the same time selling fast food via its other wing of production. While the public start to believe that the newcomer Amazon grocery deals only with fresh grocery, Abdi group begin to lose some customers who know that they only stock foodstuff that can lead to obesity. Gender and sex are some of the factors that influence the strategies of the two grocery stores in an effort to dominate the market. Females are mor e conscious of their weight and how they look compared to men. This influence their eating habits about what they prefer to eat. Abdi group has considered this hence geared their advertisements towards female consumers. Socio-economic factors play an important role in the strategies used by both Amazon grocery and Abdi group. Amazon is taking the initiative to reduce shipping costs and in many situations offer free shipping in an effort to attract more consumers. Abdi on the other hand offers affordable foodstuff to its customers by making the prices pocket friendly. It is popular for its cheap prices as compared to other grocery stores such as Amazon grocery. Age distribution within the society also affects marketing and corporate strategy in the grocery industry (Mills, 2002). The population of the elderly generation is much higher than that of the young. Abdi is targeting the old in their strategy because they know that they have more wealth. Media Vs strategy Changes in the adve rtising strategy by a competitor bring out their new offers, new segmentation strategy and branding strategy. Media advertising also put emphasis on promotion strategy employed by an organization (Armstrong Kotler, 2010). The media strategy of a competitor says a lot about their budget and the strategy they employ in targeting their customers. Because Amazon grocery is web based, more of its advertisement is via the internet. The grocery products’ advertisement is online and information about special discounts and shipping costs accessed via the Internet. Abdi on the other hand uses television though, not so much as its policy is to stay as far away from the media as possible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Amazon Competition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion In my opinion, Abdi group is in a better position as compared to Amazon groceries. This is because they have been in the market for a lo ng time as compared to their competitor. Abdi group is in an average competitive position, hence should invest in growing further by having more outlets. They have employed many strategies and are better off because they know which strategy is best for them unlike Amazon, which is new in the grocery market. Based on recent trends in the market, I would recommend Abdi group group to look for eye-catching segments to apply their strengths and invest more in growing. They should have outlets in all the states of the US rather than just half. After investment in growth, Abdi group should take it upon itself to advice consumers about good eating habits and sensitize them on the importance of eating a balanced diet. This will boost their image in the community hence be considered as a â€Å"corporate citizen†. References Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. (2010). Marketing: An Introduction. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Holbeche, L. (2009). Aligning Human Resources and Business Strategy. New Y ork: Butterworth-Heinemann. Mills, J. (2002). Creating a Winning Business Formula, Volume I. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ranchhod, A. Gauzente, C. Tinson J. (2004). Marketing Strategies: A Twenty-first century approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Amazon Competition was written and submitted by user NicoMinoru to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cruel Intentions Film Analysis (1913 words)

Cruel Intentions Film Analysis (1913 words) The use of flim language can help determine a viewer's response to the ideas, people and issues presented in a film. Explain how this occurs with reference to at least one feature film that you have seen.Cruel Intentions is a movie based on the 1762 novel Les Liasons Dangereuses, a classic tale of sordid mind games in 18th century Paris upper classes. The use of film language emphasises various themes and ideas of love, manipulation, people, trust, betrayal teenagers and most importantly sex. The use of camera shots, camera angles, symbols, colours and music plays an important role in highlighting the underlying themes that the movie upholds. The film has to a certain extent, different perspective on values and attitudes in life by promoting people like sex toys without considering their feelings or their future. Cruel Intentions has a sophisticated style that will also strongly appeal to an adult audience not normally drawn towards shallow teen dramas.Reese Witherspoon at the 83rd A cademy AwardsThe film promotes fresh young faces and a hip soundtrack, but it actually has something to say about life and human nature; it's not just about who you're going to screw at the prom. Cruel Intentions isn't just any typical teen hit filled with nudity and sexual fantasies, it's a movie that shares a taste for cruelly manipulating others, using charm, lies and deception to make others miserable.Kathryn (Sarah Michele Gellar) acts like a "Marcia Brady" in public to maintain her reputation as the student body president, but under this respectable front lurks a mean spirited, coke snorting evil conscience. Her stepbrother, Sebastian, (Ryan Phillippe) is a tad less hypocrite; he also takes advantage of the people around him just for the thrill of conquest. But the stakes are dramatically upped when Sebastian sets out to seduce Annette (Reese Witherspoon),

Should Local School Boards be Allowed to Ban Books from School Research Paper

Should Local School Boards be Allowed to Ban Books from School Libraries or Block Access to Select Internet Sites - Research Paper Example The threat of censorship  is much greater than it appears at first glance.† (Brenyo, 2011, p.544) The issue of censorship is also witnessed in high school publications, where a perennial power tussle exists between â€Å"student journalists decrying potential violations of their free speech and administrators who point to their responsibility to protect the welfare of the student body.† (Jenco, 2008, p.1) While bans and censorship of scholarly content might be warranted in exceptional circumstances, the high incidence of issuing of bans and curbs in the country is not acceptable. The rest of this essay will present supportive arguments for this thesis. In the tussle between student journalists and school authorities, the latter claim that they need to cross-check the content in order to take legal and financial responsibility for the publication. Moreover, screening the paper in advance enables them to tone down inflammatory rhetoric used by students. To ease the tensi on between student bodies and educators, â€Å"newspaper advisers educate their administrators about First Amendment laws as they apply to student journalism and that the newspaper staffs, in turn, use their freedom responsibly. It's important for a democracy, important for society, important for learning of students to know they have a voice and are expected to be responsible within the law but also be given opportunity within the law to demonstrate they can handle that.† (Jenco, 2008, p.1) The first and foremost reason for not allowing books to be banned is the law. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States says the â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Stewart Jr., 2007, p.552) Hence, those who ban books invo ke breaches of law at several places. Not only does it amount to respecting the views of a religion in public institutions, but also prohibits free exercise of freedom of speech. It also breaks the spirit of the First Amendment by objecting to what is a peaceful assembly of students in the classroom. Books by Charles Darwin and his supporters are the most frequently prohibited items in school libraries, due to the exposition on theory of evolution they contain. Apologists for banning these books should remember that their action is unconstitutional by virtue of breaching the First Amendment at several places. There are other legislations and case verdicts that stipulate the extent of intellectual freedom citizens can avail. The 1982 Supreme Court case Board of Education is one such; others include the Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26 v. Pico case and the 1988 Supreme Court case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. The verdict in the Pico case stated that an educatio nal institution is not permitted to ban a book from its library just because its administrative board disagrees with the content of the book. The Hazelwood case allowed reasonable restrictions on content, mandated exacting criteria for imposing the same. But it is an unfortunate turn of events that subsequent courts have not respected the spirit of Pico and Hazelwood judgments. Instead, they have been providing a