DepressionPTSD in the Military Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DepressionPTSD in the Military - Research Paper Example Practically, from 10-18% of veterans upon their return home are diagnosed with PTSD. Studies found that Iraq/Afghanistan veterans are more likely to be incarcerated, being diagnosed with substance abuse disorders, and more likely to be married. In Afghanistan/Iraq veteran population PTSD can develop due to sustained injuries, wounds, traumas, and traumatic brain injury. There are several effective treatment approaches available for military patients diagnosed with PTSD, which include cognitive behavioral therapies, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocess, imagery rescripting, imagery rehearsal therapy, and virtual reality. According to CBT approach, interpretation of the traumatic events causes the symptoms, thus the treatment concentrates on elimination of irrational thoughts occurring in patients. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocess demonstrated an impressive empirical support for their effectiveness as treatment approaches for PTSD among military population groups. Virtu al Reality based therapy incorporates modern technology such as computer graphic surroundings and visual displays to create a feeling of immersion in reality-like environments, such as battlefields. The prevalence and severity of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among military population is well documented. ... Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the diagnosis of PTSD requires exposure to a traumatic event and three resulting symptom clusters: reexperiencing the event, avoidance of traumatic reminders and numbing of responsiveness, and hyperarousal. In their study of Vietnam veterans, Schlenger et al. (1992) found 27.9% of Hispanics, 20.6% of Blacks, and 13.7% of White/other male veterans suffered current PTSD symptoms 15 years after military service. Similar results of PTSD prevalence were found among veterans of other recent military missions. Kang et al (2003) surveyed 30,000 veterans and found approximately 12% of veterans from the first Gulf War developed PTSD. The research performed by Hoge et al. (2004) noted 15.6 to 17.1% of returned Iraq War veterans in their study (n = 1709) developed PTSD. Additionally, Hoge et al. (2004) observed a PTSD baseline rate of 5% in the soldier sample prior to deployment. This baseline rate closely mirrored the 3 to 4% rates of PTSD in the United States general adult population (Narrow et al, 2002). In addition, many veterans suffer symptoms of trauma such as flashbacks or hyper-arousal without meeting the full diagnostic criteria of PTSD according to the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). B. PTSD, COMORBIDITY AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY Past studies reported high rates of comorbidity between PTSD and other adjustment difficulties and mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety and/or phobias, violence, unemployment, substance dependence and abuse, marital, and family discord (Jakupcak et al., 2008). Kulka et al. (1990) reported male Vietnam veterans with PTSD had an 80% lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and 30% suffered depression. PTSD symptomatology was

The Ethics Of Online Retailing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ethics Of Online Retailing - Research Paper Example The first category of interactions involves disclosure statements and requests for information issued by marketers to prospective customers. These are legitimate statements and requests that aim to help businesses better tailor their products and services to their customers’ needs. Secondly, there are exchanges of information voluntarily undertaken by consumers, with the expectation that they will be subsequently contacted by the respective marketer. Third, there is the capture of information not volunteered by the consumer. Not all information gathered this way is unethical, because there is much that marketers may observe concerning consumers during the course of their transaction, but such capture must not be intrusive against the privacy of the consumer. The fourth aspect concerns information practices or the manner by which the gathered information (from both marketers and consumers) may be used by both parties. The past two decades of computer technology application has triggered a flurry of academic research concerning the proper use and abuse of the new medium. Internet capability has presented so many enticing prospects for business and especially it's marketing function that, as is often the case, the potential for use is accompanied with potential for abuse. Roman and Cuestas (2008) polled web consumers for their views about which unethical acts they have the greatest concern over. There are four such types of abusive practices, namely: security, privacy, deception and fulfillment or reliability. In the study, Roman and Cuestas (2008, p. 648) described each of the issues in the following manner: The researchers developed a rating scale by which they sought to measure the relative degree of consumers’ concern.

Understanding business environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Understanding business environments - Essay Example These elements include; competitors, customers, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, the general public, the economy, distributors, regulations, social and cultural factors, government activities and demographics (Lucas 2011, p.24). The internal business environment consists of the factors that are present within the business and affect the operations of the business. The elements of the internal business environment are; management, employees, production capacity of the business, the business policies, structural organization of the business, objectives of the business, the composition of its board of directors and features of the human resource department. Although the elements of the internal business environment affect how the business runs, they are not fully included as elements of the environment. P4 An economic system refers to the organization of the economy is. In a nation’s point of view, an economic system can be defined as the limited supply of elements of production such as; land, labor, capital and natural resources influence or affect the production of goods and services in the country. Because of the scarcity of these factors of production the government of that country has to make the decision of how it will allocate these resources to competing claims. To make this decision, the government would need to evaluate the opportunity cost of production of different products. After comparing the opportunity costs of producing that product, the government then makes the decision to allocate resources for production. In a command economic system the allocation and distribution of resources to certain sectors of the economy is controlled by central organizing body, usually it is the government. The government in this economic system also controls the distribution of the produced goods and services. In this economic system, the government main agenda is to try to reduce or eliminate the pursuit of profits by the producers, and ensure that basic goods and services are produced on the basis of the consumer’s needs and wants. The resources here would be allocated efficiently on the basis of social goals. This means that they

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 Assignment

Buyer behaviour and communication strategies BB644 - Assignment Example Moreover, the Toyota Prius family including Prius 1.8, Prius C and Prius V wagon will provide consumers with more models to choose from. The main goal is to create awareness of the hybrid technology developed by Toyota in the form of Toyota Prius family. By advertising and promoting the product, we wish to position Prius as a comfortable yet powerful car for the fun-loving and family-centered individuals alike. The communication channels are meant to draw interest and instigate a desire among consumers to make a purchase. The advertising should effectively create the desired image on the minds of the consumers in order to generate brand awareness which can productively be converted into sales. Moreover, the intended purpose of using communication channels is to stimulate buyer readiness through knowledge dissemination which educates the public about the damages of conventional fossil fuel engine cars and the new hybrid technology which has been stylishly designed in the form of Toyota Prius series. This notion is intended to trigger consumers to consider a change in their automobile preferences in order to try out th e hybrid car series by Toyota which is both, energy efficient and cost effective, as compared to other cars by the competitors. So, the main focus can be said to highlight the novel attributes of the Toyota Prius family and its hybrid technology. Also, the economic perspective of the Toyota Prius series is pivotal in convincing consumers that the cars have been made to suit the needs of everybody including families, individuals, and adventurous youths. Communication strategy is an important phase of strategy development and marketing products. In particular, it is critical to the segmentation, targeting, and positioning of the Toyota Prius family in the minds of the target consumers. The image any particular brand conjures up in the mind of the consumer is significant in determining

Is pricing promotion the most efficient online shopping market Essay

Is pricing promotion the most efficient online shopping market strategy to attract Chinese college students - Essay Example keting idea 21 Chapter#3: Methodology 22 3.1. Research Philosophy 22 3.2. Research methods 22 3.3. Research design 23 3.3.1. Purpose 23 3.3.2. Research option 23 3.4. Research Strategy 23 3.5. Time Horizon 24 3.6. Design of Sample 24 3.7. The process of research techniques 25 3.7.1. The collection of primary statistic 25 3.7.1.1. Questionnaire 25 3.7.1.2. The Interview 25 3.8. Ethical Considerations 26 3.8.1. The research process is affected by Ethical issues generally 26 3.8.2. Ethical issues during design the questionnaire 26 3.8.3. Ethical issues in the process of data collection 26 3.8.4. Ethical issues connected with the emphasis and analysis 27 3.9. Limitation of the research 27 Chapter#4: Analysis of questionnaire 28 Analysis of students choose online shopping 28 The analysis of students' online shopping expansion 28 The types of goods characteristics of online shopping 29 Criteria characteristics of college students’ online shopping 29 Students choose online shopping w ebsite analysis 30 Analysis of problems encountered by students online shopping 30 College students think online shopping insufficient analysis 30 Analysis of characters of issues needs to be perfect 31 Analysis of College students’ the prospection towards online shopping 31 Analysis towards Other factors 31 The interview to stuff of TaoBao 32 The standardization of website’s specialized products and information 32 To maintain the level of moderately priced 33 Establishment of regional storage center 33 Accurate and efficient promotional strategy 33 Improvement of after-sales service 34 Seriously deal with complaints 34 Problem of college students shopping online 35 Business credit is low 35 The problem of security 35 Legal system for online shopping is not perfect 36 Logistics service of net purchases is poor 36 Students’ consciousness of rights safeguard is weak 36 After-sales service of net purchases cannot be achieved 36 Countermeasures to enhance college st udents online shopping 37 Students should strengthen self-protection awareness 37 Industry self-regulation 37 Improvement of network technology 37 Enhance the integrity of online shopping 38 Enhance network security of the enterprise 38 Simplify the refund process 38 Improving the safety factor in the payment process 38 Develop specialized e-commerce law and legal system for online shopping 39 Government’s support 39 Strengthen macro-control and management of the online shopping market 39 Speed up the construction of information infrastructure 39 Improve the express online shops’ logistics service level 40 Introduction of the "logistics insurance 40 Chapter# 5: Conclusion 41 5.1. Study’s conclusion 41 5.2. The Limitation of this research 42 5.3. The direction of further study 43 6. References 44 Abstract This paper introduces Fujian University students for the survey and interviews stuffs from the biggest online shopping website in China-TaoBao, conducted a stud y to analyze college students online shopping situation. The study found that although the online shopping phenomenon is quite common among college students, especially penetration rate of boys online shopping is higher, but the integrity of the online shopping merchants, payment security, imperfect laws and problems of regulations towards online shopping restrict the development of e-commerce network. Because of

Case study (quize) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study (quize) - Essay Example Hong Kong is concerned, people are not just hurry to possess a product, but rather they seek the epistemic benefits from new Apple’s variant iPhone. Epistemic benefit refers to a benefit customers seek to acquire from a product’s capacity to satisfy his their curiosity, novelty and to meet a desire for newer knowledge. People rushing in Hong Kong to get Apple’s iPhone show severe propensity to adopt new product which is designed and implemented sophisticated technology (Piller and Tseng, 2010, p. 167). Suppose, if any one out of these people came to meet their need for enjoyment with Apple’s iPhone 4S, it can rather be viewed as Hedonic benefit. As compared to the competition, the benefit doesn’t seem to be unique. When new technology or highly differentiated product comes to market, it is quite common that customers show curiosity to obtain one. A unique value or unique benefit is a set of benefits or values that the company promises to deliver to the consumers to satisfy their needs (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 12). For Apple’s newly launched iPhone 4S, the unique value propositions and unique benefits may include its sophisticated technology, advanced user-friendly interface etc. What motivated customers to rush in to an Apple’s IFC store in Hong Kong was the curiosity to possess the new variant of Apple phone and therefore this benefit is not a unique one. Apart from Apple brand fanatic customers who lined up in the rushing queue, there were others who thought to make profits by reselling iPhones to more demanded customers in other areas anticipating higher demands for the same from customers. Unique values and core competencies that the company offered to customers are more seemingly to attract wider numbers of customers and that was the reason why people were eager to obtain more pieces of iPhones such as 300. Core competencies are part of value chain that make a unique and value-added contribution to the business. As Kerin, Hartley and

IFM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IFM - Essay Example Besides the contributions by the members, the cooperative enjoys the loan facilities that are extended to the cooperative unlike the case with other cooperative societies. Through the lack of ranks within the management positions or the general employee’s positions, the members enjoy an equated level of salaries despite their experience as well as despite their period of stay within the cooperative society. The cooperative society still has relatively low level of operations because it has been in operation for relatively little period after its re-establishment in the last ten years. Based on the reason that the cooperative lacks a well-defined structure of administration, all members comprehensively are wholly liable for the consequences of decisions made. Moreover, the lack of this well-defined structure of management has often placed the business at a risk because the decisions made lack the professional approval because members lack management skills and professional expe rtise. However, the modern day cooperative operations would suffer severe losses in the event of operating without well laid out structures as Fortune Inc does. Business operations at any level necessitates clearly laid down structures and hierarchy in operations for the ease of its operations. The cooperative needs to establish a central management team who would be responsible in decision making while at the same time taking the responsibilities in consequences resultant from the decision made (Background paper on cooperatives, n. d., p. 1-3; Co-operative in the 21st Century, 2001, p. 6-7). The size of the cooperative, which has an employee base of twenty-five people, is relatively small compared to other large organizations. However, decision-making processes would be very tedious and time consuming while incorporating the decisions of all the employees, hence the need for a clearly established framework of organizational management. The organization incorporates employees from t he age of twenties to the mid-fifties and as such has a well-distributed working age. Beside, members are paid on an equal basis through which all employees earn an equal salary besides contributing equal amounts to the cooperative. However, the structure of operation that lacks to define responsibilities as well as the structures of authorities is undesirable due to the reason that the organization would lack command in operations. Moreover, the organization would fail to confer responsibility to any person in the event of liability to be suffered and as such, the people would fail to take responsibility in decision-making or regarding acting on behalf of the organization. Among other objectives to be pursued by the cooperative would be to establish legal documents and register the cooperative as a distinct entity with the registrar of cooperatives. Besides registration, other important documents defining the employees and the shareholders are necessary. Besides the responsibility outline, there is the need to have the cooperative establish a management team who would serve as the vision bearers to the team and therefore champion the